Enzyme preparations are purified and processed proteins with catalytic activity, and are biological products with catalytic functions. They are mainly derived from microbial fermentation, plants, and animals, and are characterized by high catalytic efficiency, specificity, diversity, mild reaction conditions, reduced energy consumption, reduced chemical pollution, and controllable operation. The global enzyme preparation market is growing at an average rate of 10%. Statistics show that the market size was approximately US$3.5 billion in 2010, and reached US$13 billion in 2021, representing a growth rate of 271%, making it a green and emerging sunrise industry. In the classification of enzyme preparations, food enzyme preparations account for the largest share of the market (37%), followed by detergents and daily chemical products (23%), and animal feed (21%). With the continuous improvement of enzyme fermentation and extraction technology in my country, the export volume of enzyme preparations is generally on the rise. According to reports, as of 2022, my country's enzyme imports totaled 13,100 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 8.99%, with an import value of US$408 million, a year-on-year decrease of 7.56%. Exports totaled 108,500 tons, a year-on-year increase of 23.35%, with an export value of US$554 million, a year-on-year increase of 8.16%. Some domestic companies have achieved international leadership in specific enzyme preparation sub-sectors. For example, Dongheng Huadao Enzyme Preparation, leveraging the advantages of Guangxi's papaya-growing region, exports its papain to Japan, the United States, Russia, Malaysia, and other countries, accounting for 80% of China's papain exports.
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"Made in China 2026" lists biotechnology as one of its ten key areas. With the continuous expansion of the market and the diversification of competition methods, the prices and profit margins of most products have become relatively stable. Enzyme preparations present development opportunities in the three major application areas of food, feed, and daily chemical products.
In the feed industry, after the ban on antibiotics in feed, the livestock industry will face a series of challenges. During the "antibiotic ban" and "antibiotic reduction" phase, feed enzyme preparations are a new type of feed additive that can effectively solve three major problems in agricultural livestock farming: feed safety, feed raw material shortage, and livestock pollution. For example, papain, added to feed formulations or directly mixed into feed as an exogenous enzyme, can significantly improve the utilization and conversion rate of proteases, thereby reducing feed costs and developing a wider range of protein sources. It can be widely used as a feed additive for pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, shrimp, eels, dairy cows, etc. Experiments have shown that adding papain to feed can accelerate the decomposition and conversion of feed components, increasing animal growth rate by 7.5%-12.2%, achieving a uniformity of growth of 95%, and increasing the survival rate by 5%. Feeding dairy cows with papain can also increase the protein (amino acid) content of milk, making it more easily absorbed by the human body.
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In the detergent and daily chemical industry, with the improvement of people's living standards and policy requirements for environmental protection, there is also considerable room for development in the market for detergent and daily chemical enzyme preparations. Phosphate-containing laundry detergents, in fact, use phosphates as the main additives. They can increase the alkalinity of the detergent and soften the washing water, allowing the detergent to perform its function better. However, the discharge of wastewater from phosphate-containing laundry detergents into ecological rivers and lakes is extremely harmful. The advantages of enzyme-added, phosphate-free laundry detergent are: effective cleaning of clothes, resulting in brighter white garments; effective removal of stains, leaving clothes cleaner; effective reduction of residue, minimizing environmental pollution; and effective protection of clothing, extending its lifespan.
The demand for food-grade enzymes will continue to increase steadily, with applications spanning food processing, ingredient tenderizing, peptide health products, brewing and fermentation, pet palatability enhancers, savory flavorings, plant-based protein beverages, and yeast extracts. For example, the recently popular oat milk beverage utilizes amylase to hydrolyze oat starch, improving solubility, increasing fluidity, and highlighting the natural sweetness of oats. Alkaline protease is used to hydrolyze oat protein, breaking down large protein molecules into smaller peptides, making oat milk easier to absorb and smoother in texture. Through enzymatic hydrolysis, ordinary oats are transformed into a market worth hundreds of billions. Food-grade enzymes play a vital role in helping food processing companies improve production efficiency, enhance product quality, reduce costs, and minimize environmental pollution.
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